what happened to hannibal's elephants

Here in Cartagena, the famous General Hannibal Barca assembled his army including the legendary 37 war elephants. Hannibal fought his first major battle, not against the Romans, but facing instead the combined forces of three Celtiberian tribes in northwest Spain, the Olcades, the Vaccaei, and the Carpetani. Many historians argue that if Hannibal had listened to his officers and left his elephants behind, he would have been able to take the city of Rome and fulfill his vision of destroying the greatest empire the western world has ever known. Elephants participated in only one of the great victories of Hannibal following the crossing of the Alps: the battle of the River Trebbia, in 218 BCE. Found insideThis is what happened on the present occasion. [Polybius, The Histories, V.84.2–6] Now wait a minute, I hear you cry. African elephants are bigger than ... The location of Zama is uncertain, as is the location of Scipio and Hannibal's conference at 'Margeron'. Hannibal's Elephants, Volume 1946. Once the pursuing Celtiberians were midstream, and thus committed to the crossing, Hannibal unleashed his cavalry to cut them down in the water, with anyone who managed to reach the shore being promptly trampled to death by the elephants. Found inside – Page 112It does not , however , appear from Polybius that any of Hannibal's elephants perished in crossing the Alps , although they suffered much from want of ... I was grateful for the comfort of his cape, and knew I should have thanked him. Pages 4-6 4. That might explain why Hannibal's favorite elephant- the one he was riding through the swamp when he caught the infection that blinded one of his eyes -was named Surus, "the Syrian". The mass of tribal warriors panicked and as they fled Hannibal gave the order for his army to cross the river in pursuit, completing the rout of a force more than twice the size of his own. Once each raft was released, being towed to the opposite bank by small boats, the elephants tended to panic, some falling overboard. The city had been the Mediterranean's most prosperous seaport and possessed wealthy provinces, but it had suffered severe losses from the Romans in . What happened next? In that time, he lost over half his army, and all but one of his elephants. What happened when Hannibal crossed the Alps. While Carthage ultimately raised a force of 300 war elephants, Hannibal took just 37 of them on his legendary 218 BC traverse of the Alps. Hannibal managed to lead his Carthaginian army over the Alps and into Italy to take the war directly to the Roman Republic, bypassing Roman and allied land garrisons and Roman naval dominance. The Col de Traversette pass in itself is around 2,600 m (around 8,530 ft) above the sea-level, and as such boasted rich soil that could have at least fractionally supported the flora needed by the grazing requirements of the animals like elephants, horses, and pack mules. Did Hannibal's elephants cross the Alps? Found insideHannibal's elephants, as the coins show, were mostly Africans. The fact that their drivers were referred to in classical texts as 'indoi', Indians, ... Guest Post by S. Leung: What Advice would Sun Tsu have had for Hannibal? To counter Hannibal's army, Scipio deployed his 35,100 men in a similar formation consisting of three lines. Hannibal's army, being over 50,000 men strong at this point, ambushed and trapped a Roman army of 30,000 led by Gaius Flaminius, the consul of Rome. An army like Hannibal’s would need elephants that could be well-trained and manageable, so Asian elephants seem the most likely choice. they had already dwindled to the two species extant today, the Indian, or Asian, elephants and the . For the last 2000 years, Western historians have written reams on Hannibal's campaign - and his elephants. Take our quiz to test your knowledge of his achievements, failures and legacy. By the time Hannibal came out on the other side of the alps, his army was far too weak to be able to sustain a march on Rome itself. But how did he handle 37 elephants? Expert Dr. Tori Herridge speaks with . With his elephants, it took him two. What was the height of Carthage's success in the Second Punic War? The elephants, completely drunk and worked up into a fury were easy to work with at that point. I have problems with these claims, less for reasons of their scientific claims, but because I'm not sure how strong the link is between the extant Eritrean . He was able to win battles with them on their sheer terror factor alone. The right wing was held by Numidian cavalry, led by Masinissa, while Laelius' Roman horsemen were placed on the left flank. Elephants were effective against cavalry, and so the normal use would be to disrupt the Roman cavalry to give the Carthaginian cavalry a chance. What Did Scipio Do to Oppose Hannibal after He Invaded Italy? The 1959 sword-and-sandals epic movie, with Victor Mature in the eponymous title role, made Hannibal's "crazed elephant army" look more like the polite zoo creatures they obviously were. The Elephant Whisperer is a heartwarming, exciting, funny, and sometimes sad account of Anthony's experiences with these huge yet sympathetic creatures. The sixth, a one-tusked elephant named Surus, became Hannibal's mount and mobile viewing platform in the marshes of the Arno. His men suffered; some died from rock avalanches or froze to death. The Romans had presumed that the Alps created a secure natural barrier against invasion of their homeland. Found insideAccording to Polybius, the elephants rushed wildly about trying to get back to ... With the elephant corps in the rear, Hannibal's army marched up the Rhône ... Hannibal was a child during the First Punic War- a war between the Roman Empire, and Carthage, surrounding a power struggle between the two empires. Two tribes from northern Italy, who were already at war with Rome, eagerly joined Hannibal's army and made up for the men he had lost. Found insideThis book offers an insight into the incredible history of these 'living tanks,' focusing on the design of the equipment and armament that made them so terrifying. Managing them was a logistical nightmare for his army, and it could be said that his love of war elephants was partially responsible for Hannibal’s downfall and his failure to capture Rome. The trouble started when the Romans started to realize that the only way to defeat Hannibal was by a strategy called attrition– basically, they hid in holes, practiced guerilla war tactics, and slowly let Hannibal’s army waste away. 264 - 146 BC. Brian McGing's accompanying introduction and notes illuminate this remarkable political history. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. They recreate Hannibal's historic crossing of the River Rhone before cycling on to the town of Maillane, where the remains of one of Hannibal's elephants were found in the 19th century. On his way to the Alps, in 218, Hannibal had to cross first the Pyrenees and then the river Rhone. The Carthaginian senate repeatedly refused Hannibal's requests for aid and supplies even as they were relying on him to win the war for them. 40 Votes) Their commander Hannibal marched his troops, including cavalry and African war elephants, across a high pass in the Alps to strike at Rome itself from the north of the Italian peninsula. In 203 BC Hannibal sailed his remaining army of some 15,000 men back home and the war in Italy was over. It was there that a second event involving elephants took place. Found insideHannibal and Scipio fought an epic battle at Zama, which Hannibal lost. Many Carthaginians blamed Hannibal, who was exiled until his death. Hannibal is still regarded as a military genius. Anyway, the elephants were largely ineffective against the Roman infantry, the Roman cavalry pursued the routed Carthaginian cavalry, and Hannibal's infantry was winning the battle. Those pachyderms, which numbered to around 37-40 ind. What followed was the battle of the Rhone, where Hannibal’s glance was once more in evidence. Most studies The Roman navy controlled the Mediterranean, following the defeat of Carthage in the first war, and thus the Romans were not concerned about being attacked by sea. How did Scipio counter Hannibal's elephants? Hannibal's five-months journey from North Africa to Europe to fight the Roman Empire is revealed in a new documentary. Civil War, American Indian Wars, Pioneers (1801-1900), Hannibal: Victories of the Great Hero from Ancient Carthage, Alexander the Great and Hannibal Barca: A comparison, A Note on Hannibal’s Losses During the Crossing of the Alps, Hannibal and the Punic Wars: Synopsis and Historical Background, Propaganda War In The Roman World: The Demonizing of Hannibal and the Carthaginians. Hannibal's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC was one of the major events of the Second Punic War, and one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare. First, a little background on Hannibal Barca, and why exactly he wanted to use something like war elephants to destroy Rome. A counter-invasion of North Africa led by Scipio Africanus forced him to return to Carthage. Hannibal's Death by Suicide. About This Quiz. Hannibal's Elephant Girl: Tin Tin Ban Sunia - Kindle edition by Brindley, Charley. What happened to the animal afterwards is unknown, although the elephant certainly didn't participate in any of the subsequent fighting, which led to Hannibal's eventual defeat. Hannibal's Carthaginian army, which included many African war elephants, was crushed by Scipio Africanus' Roman force backed by Numidian allies. He recruited as many soldiers as he could, and by 202 B.C.E. Here is a quote from Wikipedia's article about the Battle of the Trebia, December 218 BC. It was enough to scatter any army! Hannibal faced off against Scipio with 45,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalry and 80 war elephants against Scipio's 34,000 infantry and 6,000 cavalry. Cartagena's name is derived from the Phoenician word Karthadasht (New Town). Your email address will not be published. With an instant grasp of the terrain, the quality of the large but undisciplined opposing army, and the potentials of all the components of his own military force, he swiftly retreated across the Tagus river and waited for the enemy to attack from the other shore. This lone elephant was used by Hannibal to ride in triumph into the city of Capua. Hannibal was determined to get his whole army - men and animals - across the treacherous path through the Alps. They were only a hindrance, they said. Battle. If it had, the history of the West would have been changed in ways that can only be imagined. Richard A. Gabriel's brilliant new biography shows how Hannibal's genius nearly unseated the Roman Empire. Looking at the characteristics of each type of elephant may provide insight into which species would have been preferable for Hannibal's needs. Historians differ on how many troops Hannibal had when he first entered the Alps, but it was somewhere between 40,000 and 90,000 troops. Longmans . Found insideHannibal learns, through suffering, that man is but a shadow of a dream. A scintillating, blood-soaked tale of loss and victory, this is a masterful piece of historical fiction, perfect for fans of Simon Scarrow, Conn Iggulden and Ian Ross. Most of the elephants died of the cold that winter, and none took part in the later battles of Lake Trasimene or Cannae. As I started reading it I couldn't figure out how Hannibal was going to tie in. As the horns and trumpets of both armies signaled simultaneously, Hannibal's line of elephants lost their nerves; many of them charged backward into Hannibal's Numidian cavalry on the left wing, and the rest charged straight at the Roman army. Hannibal must transport sixty war elephants from Carthage in North Africa, across the Middle Sea to Iberia. In any case, those beasts scared the bejeezus out of the Romans. Hannibal was a child during the First Punic War– a war between the Roman Empire, and Carthage, surrounding a power struggle between the two empires. Found insideForsøg på at besvare det 2000 år gamle problem: Hvor krydsede Hannibals elefanter Alperne? Condemned to human sacrifice. In his article, Hannibal's elephants: Myth and Reality (18 May 2013), published by www.thehistoryhearld.com, Mosig basically suggests that Livy and Polybius romanced what really happened and the elephants crossed the river on their own without the aid of rafts. Found inside – Page 85Undaunted by the loss of his elephants , men , horses , and even the sight of one eye , Hannibal rode the sole surviving elephant ( quite possibly an Indian ... He then made his famous military exploit of carrying war to Italy by crossing the Alps with his African elephants. Unfortunately for Hannibal, though, they were also his biggest weakness. Uncharacteristically, the Roman Senate panicked upon hearing that Hannibal had reached Italy, and called back the legions that had been on the verge of sailing for Africa. During Hannibal’s time (247 to 183 BC), there were only two varieties of elephant in existence: Asian, and African. Found insideThe elephants seem to have been a mix of Asian and African. Hannibal's personal elephant was named Surus, sometimes translated as “the Syrian,” so was ... These they dealt with by volleying darts and jabbing under the tail. Found inside – Page 39Hannibal's elephants ride again Gilles Montambaux on packing a punch with a pachyderm Alpha research, ... When this happens, Chalker adds, "we will consider ... Blow trumpets and pound on drums. The Second Punic War broke out in 218 after Hannibal's attack on Saguntum, an ally of Rome in Hispania. Since the Italian peninsula was protected against an invasion by land from the north by the impassable natural barrier of the Alps, they were confident that the war would be fought in Spain and in North Africa, the land of their enemies. War elephants were the tanks of antiquity. Crossing the Alps should have taken Hannibal one week. 40 elephants through Spain and France, and over the icy slopes of the Alps. Scipio's army, having bunked in Cilla, arrived fresh and hydrated. Aware that Hannibal's elephants could be devastating on the attack, Scipio devised a new way to counter them. Found insideJohn Hoyte was a student at Cambridge University who realized one day that a grant he might get could provide an interesting and unusual summer vacation. Trace the journey of Hannibal from arthage, to Spain, over the Alps and to Rome on a map. Hannibal's elephants crossing the Rhone in makeshift rafts. 4/5 (129 Views . His forces now numbered less than 26,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalry, and 20 elephants. Unfortunately, Hannibal’s assault on Rome meant that he had bitten off slightly more than he could chew, and his war elephants didn’t help that fact. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Many died in battle, and a subsequent . The right wing was held by Numidian cavalry, led by Masinissa, while Laelius' Roman horsemen were placed on the left flank. By the time Hannibal was actually on his way to Rome, many of his own officers advised him to leave the elephants behind. While observations in the first part of the book have been derived mostly from fieldwork in the Grand-St-Bernard region, those discussed in the second part are derived from the Stanford Alpine Archaeology Project s most important ongoing ... Found inside – Page 17Most of Hannibal's elephants died by the following year, but he received reinforcements, including elephants, and went on to threaten the gates of Rome. The author started the story by giving us a little backstory of what had happened during the First Punic War. After this defeat Carthage was forced to accept terms so severe that it was never able to challenge Rome for hegemony over the Mediterranean ever again. African elephants run larger than their Asian cousins, and are harder to control. Quora Question: Who do You Think is the Most Under Rated Historical Figure. Where did Hannibal beat the Romans. . In this groundbreaking biography, Eve MacDonald employs archaeological findings and documentary sources to expand the memory of Hannibal beyond his military career. But, it’s most likely that he used mostly Asian elephants. The Col de Traversette pass in itself is around 2,600 m (around 8,530 ft) above the sea-level, and as such boasted rich soil that could have at least fractionally supported the flora needed by the grazing requirements of the animals like elephants, horses, and pack mules. Hannibal's "armor" The military effectiveness of elephants, Carthage has already tested to its cost by facing the mastodons of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. -After five grueling months, Hannibal's army finally crossed the Alps and entered the Po Valley in northern Italy. However, in the Ramayana, the king of Gods and chief Vedic deity Indra is depicted as riding either Airavata, a mythological elephant, or on the divine horse, Uchchaihshravas, as his mounts. I guess we’ll never truly know whether this was the biggest mistake of the famous general’s career or not, I’ll leave that for you to decide. What happened to the Vestal Virgin? Originally published in 1888, this book contains the Latin text of the 21st book of the monumental history of Rome by Titus Livius, dealing with the beginning of the Second Punic War and Hannibal's crossing of the Alps. in Italy: A light-infantry detachment was sent out to stop the elephants. Annotate the map labelling what happened at each stage of Scipio's 35,000 legionaries were experienced and well trained. But how did he handle 37 elephants? Hannibal was determined to get his whole army - men and animals - across the treacherous path through the Alps. Here Hannibal’s gaze manifested itself for the first time. Hannibal's well trained calvary began to close in on the now exposed Roman flanks . The trouble with elephants, of course, is that they’re big. Eventually, all his elephants were doing was eating food and forcing him to carry extra stuff around with him to feed them. Hannibal felt the same way. Expert Dr. Tori Herridge speaks with . The Death of Carthage tells the story of the Second and third Punic wars that took place between ancient Rome and Carthage in three parts. Read More. Animal cruelty aside, it was an excellent strategy. But an interesting problem remained: how to get the elephants across the river. At the time, the young Punic general was fresh from having been appointed commander-in-chief of the Carthaginian army in Iberia following the assassination of his brother-in-law, Hasdrubal the Handsome, the previous year. Hannibal had the advantage in infantry at around 36,000 to Scipio's 29,000 and initially had more cavalry at 4,000 but a last minute reinforcement by Masinissa brought Scipio's cavalry to 6,000. To counter Hannibal's army, Scipio deployed his 35,100 men in a similar formation consisting of three lines. Two things are clear from such sublime piece of nonsense: neither Polybius nor Livy knew much about elephants, and their histories include fanciful fabrications presented in careful detail, as if related by actual witnesses—caveat lector. When Hannibal was in Bithynia (in modern-day Turkey), he helped Rome's enemies try to bring the city down, serving the Bithynian King Prusias as a naval commander. This is the story of my life as a young girl following Hannibal and his army from Carthage in North Africa to Iberia, and then over the Alps toward Rome. Elephants participated in only one of the great victories of Hannibal following the crossing of the Alps: the battle of the River Trebbia, in 218 BCE. But, as we will see, this pachyderm battalion may have been fictitious, like most of the description of what the classical sources claim transpired at Zama, as was demonstrated in a 2007 article appearing in the International Journal of the Humanities. It isn’t clear to historians whether Hannibal used Asian elephants, African elephants, or a combination of both in his army. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Hannibal's Elephant Girl: Tin Tin Ban Sunia. Even to this day, the battle remains the largest ambush ever orchestrated by a military force. Found insideA dramatic account of the violent ancient battle traces the massive defeat of the huge but inexperienced Roman army by Hannibal's forces, interpreting the larger course of the Second Punic War and the often-disastrous ways in which the ... Hannibal Barca (l. 247-183 BCE), the brilliant Carthaginian general of the Second Punic War (218-202 BCE), had the military talent, expertise, and skill to have won the conflict but was denied the resources by his government. The story goes that, in a battle, Hannibal would armor up his elephants, give alcohol with them to get them drunk, and then antagonize them by poking their ankles with spears. In the Summer of 220 B.C.E. Carthage wasn’t exactly very near either of these areas by the ancient world’s standards, and it would’ve been quite an ordeal to obtain the animals. Found inside – Page 11110 Hannibal's elephants averaged nineteen miles per day , without casualties , on the journey to Italy . " The army crossed Gaul and ran into their first ... They were the general’s favorite superweapon. -Upon his return to North Africa, Hannibal spent several months preparing for Scipio's inevitable attack on the city of Carthage. Others were trampled by elephants or cut down as they attempted to . The road of Hannibal's troops led from Iberia through the Pyrenees and the Alps to Italy. James Ramming, aged eleven and studying Latin (and contemplating adding Greek), was contesting whether Hannibal's famous elephants were …. Hannibal responded by laying siege to Saguntum and taking it by storm after eight months, during which time the Roman help repeatedly requested by the Saguntines failed to materialize. One of the three wars fought between the Romans and the Carthaginians over control of the Mediterranean. The result is a page-turning adventure tale, a compelling human drama, and an insightful guide to understanding behavior. This is essential reading for anyone who seeks to transform misfortune into success at work, at home, and in life. Pushing forward enough would make the surprise attack by the Numidian cavalry irrelevant and victory would soon follow as Hannibal's army would be split in two. During the 12 years, they asked all the questions - except the really important . Second Punic War (218-201 BC) In 219 BC, Hannibal laid siege to Saguntum, a coastal city in northeast Hispania that enjoyed a long-standing treaty of friendship with Rome.In 226 BC, however, Hasdrubal the Fair signed a treaty with Rome that acknowledged Carthage's control of Hispania south of the Ebro River. Chronicles the adventures of a 1959 expedition seeking to recreate the Carthaginian general Hannibal's crossing of the Alps with elephants during the Second Punic War. You’ve never seen an elephant before. From the Roman amphitheatre of Arles, the brothers retrace Hannibal's steps through the south of France to the foothills of the Alps. • Hannibal warned Scipio that 'Fortuna' might turn against him. The development of the war elephant in India is the book's center, but its outer edges encompass a large region of Asia, Africa, and Europe that had taken on this Indian invention. The books make it seem like they did but I guess seems unrealistic for an elephant to climb a mountain. I pick up the phone and report for duty. Center for Children's Books 1972 Hannibal's Road-Mike Roberts 2017-03-30 Many books have been written on the Second Punic War and Hannibal in particular but few give much space to his campaigns in the years from 213 203 BC. The aquatic prowess of pachyderms would have been well known to the Carthaginians, who had been training elephants for more than a century prior to the wars with Rome. Hannibal's elephants and the battle of Zama Contents 1. The animals simply couldn’t withstand the harsh terrain, and his army simply couldn’t sustain their huge appetites and control them properly. Elephants were positioned in front of each Carthaginian calvary wing. While Hannibal was superior in infantry, with around 45,000 soldiers, some of his soldiers were raw and untrained. Hannibal did the unthinkable, however, and marched his army across the Alps. However, Hannibal's army was even larger, consisting of roughly 45,000 infantrymen and 6,000 horsemen. 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